Agricultural Machinery Technical Glossary

A splined mechanical drive shaft connecting an engine or gearbox to working attachments (such as rotavator tines, water pump adapters, or paddy reaper headers). In small machinery, 26mm diameter with 7-splines or 9-splines, and 28mm diameter with 9-splines, represent the Indian OEM standards for brush cutters and power weeders.

The highest Japanese Automotive Standards Organization specification for 2-stroke air-cooled engines. JASO-FD lubricants provide maximum thermal detergency, rust prevention, and ultra-low exhaust smoke at high cylinder temperatures (operating up to 9,500 RPM in brush cutters and chainsaws) compared to older JASO-FB or FC oils.

Standardized performance and safety testing conducted by the Government of India's Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institutes (Budni, Anantapur, Hisar, Biswanath Chariali). Certification confirms engine fuel consumption, noise levels, operator vibration, safety guards, and structural durability under Indian agronomic field conditions.

A flagship central sector DBT subsidy program operated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare to promote farm mechanization among small, marginal, and women farmers. Subsidies range from 40% to 50% on power weeders, brush cutters, reapers, and sprayers via state agriculture portals (Rajkisan, Mahadbt, UP Agriculture, DBT Bihar).

A 12V DC diaphragm pump uses a flexible synthetic rubber membrane to generate 60 to 110 PSI discharge at 2.5–5.5 L/min for knapsack sprayers. An HTP pump uses three reciprocating ceramic-coated pistons inside a brass manifold to generate 400 to 600 PSI at 20–50 L/min, driving long 100-to-300 meter delivery hose lines in tall orchards.

A circular manganese steel saw blade with brazed micro-grain tungsten carbide teeth (typically 40T or 80T). Engineered for high rotational speeds (up to 10,000 RPM) to slice cleanly through standing grain crops (wheat, paddy, mustard) without grain shattering, outlasting standard stamped carbon steel blades by 8x.

Primary tillage refers to the initial deep breaking, lifting, and inversion of uncultivated or compacted soil (depth 15–25 cm) using moldboard plows. Secondary tillage involves lighter rotary pulverization (depth 8–15 cm) using power weeders or rotavators to break clods, incorporate fertilizer, and prepare a seedbed.

A hybrid knapsack sprayer combining an electric 12V 8Ah battery-driven diaphragm pump with a secondary manual hand-lever plunger pump within the same chemical tank chassis. If battery charge depletes in distant fields, the operator shifts to manual hand-pumping without losing field spraying time.